Identifying Sponges

Key to California Porifera (Page 031)

( From page 030 B) Acanthostyles > 100 μm; Sponge encrusting; open coast.
[A]
Toxas (15 - 325 μm) with microspined ends.
cc031A.jpg (de Laubenfels, 1930)
Sponge: Encrusting to 2 cm. Consistency: Firm, Spongy. Surface: superficially pilose, with spicules. Oscula: 1.5 mm.
Color: Alive: Scarlet, salmon to salmon red. Preserved: drab.
Spicules: Megascleres: (1) Acanthostyles with heavily spined heads: 85 - 115 um. x 5.0 -10.0 um.
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(2) Styles-often with minutely spined heads: 275 - 330 um. x 20.0 - 27.0 um.
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(3) Subtylostyles-with microspined heads: 180 - 260 um. x 3.0 - 4.0 um.
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Microscleres:
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(1) Palmate Isochelae: 12 - 16 um.
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(2) Toxas-with microspined ends: 15 - 325 um.
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Skeleton: Ascending plumose tracts of smooth styles with terminal tufts that penetrate surface. Subtylostyles mostly grouped at surface. Acanthostyles sparseley echinating tracts of styles.
Distribution: Southern to Northern California.
Depth: Intertidal to deep water.
Note: Was Microciona microjoanna.
[B]
Toxas (14-100 μm) with smooth ends.
(de Laubenfels, 1930)
Sponge: Encrusting to 3-20 mm thick.
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