Identifying Sponges

Key to California Porifera (Page 260)

( From page 259 A) Hypodermal Pentactins are all smooth or granulated; they lack thorns.
[A]
Mean Discoctaster diameter is greater than 200 μm.
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Staurocalyptus dowlingi (Lambe, 1894)
Sponge: Saccate with all lateral and marginal projecting spicules as Diactins.
Color: Dry: Light brownish yellow.
Spicules: Megascleres: (1) Principal Diactins: 2.2 -4.1- 9.0 mm.
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(2) Thick Prostal Diactins: to 6 cm. x 300 um.
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(3) Hypodermal Pentactins (tangential ray): 0.42 -2.06- 4.35 mm. (proximal ray): 4.2 -8.1- 11.7 mm.
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(4) Small Diactins: 0.59 -0.95- 1.74 mm.
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Mesoscleres:
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(1) Dermal Pentactins (tangential ray): 64 -105- 166 um. (proximal ray) 68 -99- 122 um.
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(2) Gastral Hexactins (ray): 57 -85- 118 um.
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Microscleres:
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(1) Oxy-Hemioxyhexasters (diameter): 96 -127- 159 um.
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(2) Discoctasters (diameter): 184 -256- 310 um.
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(3) Micro-discohexasters (diameter): 16 -22- 27 um.
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Skeleton: Entirely of loose spicules.
Distribution: Southern California.
Depth: Deep water.
Note: Extends north to Aleutian Id., Alaska. Measurements from type specimen NMC 1900-2812. Tabachnick's 2002 proposed move of Staurocalyptus to a subgenus of Acanthascus is not followed here.
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Mean Discoctaster diameter is less than 200 μm.
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